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New Phytol [2022 IF8.3 ]中南民族大學生科院劉冰教授團隊使用GUS染色試劑盒(目錄號:RTU4032)發表文章

New Phytol | 中南民族大學劉冰課題組(zu)發現紫外光(guang)影響(xiang)植(zhi)物(wu)生殖細(xi)胞基因組(zu)穩定性并誘導產(chan)生二(er)倍(bei)體雄配子



    減數分裂是真核(he)(he)生(sheng)物維持基(ji)因組(zu)穩定性和(he)產生(sheng)遺傳(chuan)多(duo)樣性的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。在減數第一次(ci)分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)(lie)前(qian)期,同(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之間發(fa)生(sheng)同(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重組(zu),產生(sheng)新的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)等(deng)位基(ji)因組(zu)合,并保證染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在后期進(jin)行均等(deng)分(fen)(fen)離,從而產生(sheng)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)數目減半的(de)(de)(de)可育配子。減數分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)(lie)同(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重組(zu)起始于(yu)DNA雙鏈(lian)斷裂(lie)(lie)(DSB)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng);隨后,DSB通過RAD51/DMC1介導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重組(zu)途(tu)徑被(bei)修(xiu)復(fu),期中少(shao)部分(fen)(fen)被(bei)修(xiu)復(fu)形(xing)成(cheng)遺傳(chuan)交叉(crossover,CO)。DSB的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)修(xiu)復(fu)對于(yu)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)保持完整性至關重要,其(qi)異常(chang)(chang)(chang)會引起染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)片段(duan)化以及分(fen)(fen)離異常(chang)(chang)(chang),最終導(dao)致植物敗育。在減數分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)(lie)過程中,姐妹(mei)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)單體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)僅在減數第二(er)次(ci)分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)(lie)后期發(fa)生(sheng)分(fen)(fen)離,其(qi)凝(ning)聚和(he)分(fen)(fen)離由(you)cohesin蛋白組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)cohesion復(fu)合體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)調控。微絲和(he)微管組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞骨架結構紡(fang)錘體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)控制染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)和(he)分(fen)(fen)離;染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)離后,成(cheng)膜體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組(zu)或(huo)(huo)細(xi)胞核(he)(he)之間形(xing)成(cheng),促進(jin)細(xi)胞板的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)和(he)胞質分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)(lie)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。紡(fang)錘體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)(huo)成(cheng)膜體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)構建(jian)異常(chang)(chang)(chang)會導(dao)致染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)離異常(chang)(chang)(chang),形(xing)成(cheng)非(fei)整倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),或(huo)(huo)導(dao)致非(fei)減數性減數分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)(lie)事件(meiotic restitution)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng),從而產生(sheng)二(er)倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)配子。

    植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)減(jian)數分(fen)裂對(dui)環境(jing)因(yin)素(尤其(qi)是溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua))十分(fen)敏感。在許多物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)中的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究發(fa)(fa)現(xian),不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)條件對(dui)減(jian)數分(fen)裂多個過(guo)程均會產生(sheng)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang),并且這些影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)在不同(tong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)中存(cun)在相似性或(huo)差異性。總的(de)(de)(de)來說,其(qi)后果包(bao)括誘導植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)二倍體或(huo)多倍體配(pei)子(zi),或(huo)由(you)于形成非整倍體配(pei)子(zi)從而(er)(er)導致植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)敗育(yu)(yu)。除(chu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)以(yi)外,光照(zhao)是植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)過(guo)程中最(zui)易接受(shou)到的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)條件。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在進行光合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用過(guo)程中,必(bi)不可少地受(shou)到紫外光(UV)的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)射(she)。UV按照(zhao)波(bo)(bo)長(chang)被分(fen)為(wei)(wei)UV-C、UV-B和(he)UV-A三類(lei)。UV-C波(bo)(bo)長(chang)最(zui)短而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)量最(zui)高,陽光中的(de)(de)(de)UV-C被臭(chou)氧層遮擋和(he)吸(xi)收因(yin)而(er)(er)無法到達(da)(da)地球表(biao)面;UV-A波(bo)(bo)長(chang)最(zui)長(chang)而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)量最(zui)低(di),能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)透過(guo)大氣層到達(da)(da)地表(biao),但因(yin)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)不能(neng)(neng)被DNA吸(xi)收因(yin)而(er)(er)被認為(wei)(wei)對(dui)生(sheng)命(ming)體的(de)(de)(de)毒(du)害作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用相對(dui)較小;相比之(zhi)下(xia),UV-B能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)到達(da)(da)地表(biao)并被DNA吸(xi)收,從而(er)(er)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)各類(lei)生(sheng)命(ming)體的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)。UV(尤其(qi)是UV-B)對(dui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)存(cun)在劑量效(xiao)應:在一定(ding)劑量范(fan)圍內,它作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)(zhong)信號分(fen)子(zi)觸發(fa)(fa)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)內的(de)(de)(de)遺傳信號通路,從而(er)(er)調控細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)行為(wei)(wei)以(yi)及植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)(yu);當劑量超過(guo)一定(ding)范(fan)圍,它作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一種(zhong)(zhong)脅迫可以(yi)直接影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)DNA的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性。在植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中,UV Resistance Locus 8(UVR8)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)UV-B的(de)(de)(de)核心感受(shou)蛋白(bai)介導細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)對(dui)UV-B的(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)(xiang)應。已有研(yan)究表(biao)明(ming)部分(fen)UV-B引起的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)行為(wei)(wei)不依(yi)賴UVR8,并且,UVR8也參與細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)對(dui)其(qi)他波(bo)(bo)長(chang)紫外光的(de)(de)(de)響(xiang)(xiang)應。大量研(yan)究表(biao)明(ming),植物(wu)花(hua)粉(尤其(qi)是花(hua)粉細胞壁)的發(fa)育對UV十分(fen)敏感(gan);然而,紫外(wai)對植物(wu)減數(shu)分(fen)裂過程中染色體(ti)與(yu)DNA的影響目前尚不清楚。

近日,中南(nan)民族大學生科院劉冰課(ke)題組在植物學頂級期刊New Phytologist雜志發表題為“Ultraviolet attenuates centromere-mediated meiotic genome stability and alters gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants”的研(yan)究(jiu)論文(wen)。該(gai)研(yan)究(jiu)發現紫外光(guang)影響植物生殖細胞(bao)基因組穩定性并誘導產生二倍(bei)體雄配(pei)子。

該研究(jiu)發現紫外(wai)光照射(she)(UV-C、UV-B或(huo)(huo)(huo)UV-A)會誘(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)擬南(nan)芥形成(cheng)二(er)倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)(huo)(huo)多倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)雄配(pei)子(zi)(zi)。細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)遺傳學研究(jiu)發現,UV通(tong)過誘(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)meiotic restitution導(dao)(dao)(dao)致減數第(di)二(er)次(ci)分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)末期(qi)(qi)單(dan)倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)染(ran)色(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組或(huo)(huo)(huo)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)核發生(sheng)融合,最終形成(cheng)二(er)倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)(huo)(huo)多倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)小孢子(zi)(zi)。作(zuo)者通(tong)過利(li)用(yong)花粉特異(yi)性(xing)表(biao)(biao)達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)fluorescent tagged lines (FTLs)證實(shi)(shi)UV誘(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非減數性(xing)小孢子(zi)(zi)中(zhong),大(da)多數為(wei)同源(yuan)染(ran)色(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)沒有發生(sheng)分(fen)(fen)離(li),即first division restitution(FDR)型。進一步(bu)研究(jiu)發現,UV干擾減數第(di)二(er)次(ci)分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)和后期(qi)(qi)紡錘(chui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)構象,誘(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)紡錘(chui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)呈平行或(huo)(huo)(huo)三角(jiao)形方向排布,從(cong)而(er)(er)導(dao)(dao)(dao)致減數第(di)二(er)次(ci)分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)末期(qi)(qi)染(ran)色(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組之間無(wu)法形成(cheng)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)壁。通(tong)過在(zai)矮牽牛和水稻(dao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),作(zuo)者證實(shi)(shi)UV誘(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)二(er)倍體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)雄配(pei)子(zi)(zi)可能(neng)(neng)在(zai)開(kai)花植物(wu)中(zhong)普遍存在(zai)。此(ci)外(wai),作(zuo)者證實(shi)(shi)UV誘(you)導(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)meiotic restitution并(bing)(bing)非由于絨(rong)氈層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發育受到影(ying)響所導(dao)(dao)(dao)致,而(er)(er)很可能(neng)(neng)是(shi)由于染(ran)色(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)調控因(yin)子(zi)(zi)JASON的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)收到干擾,以及(ji)AtPS1基因(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)達(da)下調所致。值(zhi)得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),作(zuo)者發現并(bing)(bing)證實(shi)(shi)UV-C不影(ying)響減數分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)染(ran)色(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上DNA雙鏈斷裂(lie)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數量,因(yin)而(er)(er)并(bing)(bing)不影(ying)響染(ran)色(se)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完整性(xing),這一點與(yu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)以及(ji)其他類型輻射(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)具有差異(yi)。然而(er)(er),著絲(si)粒(li)特異(yi)性(xing)H3(CENH3)蛋白功能(neng)(neng)異(yi)常(chang)突變體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)cenh3在(zai)紫外(wai)光下表(biao)(biao)現顯(xian)著增加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姐(jie)妹染(ran)色(se)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)提前(qian)分(fen)(fen)離(li)現象,表(biao)(biao)明(ming)著絲(si)粒(li)在(zai)保護紫外(wai)光下植物(wu)減數分(fen)(fen)裂(lie)過程中(zhong)姐(jie)妹染(ran)色(se)單(dan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)凝聚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性(xing)中(zhong)發揮重(zhong)要作(zuo)用(yong)。

圖1 UV誘導擬南芥形成二倍體小孢子

綜上(shang),該研究揭(jie)示了紫外(wai)光能(neng)夠影(ying)響植(zhi)物生殖(zhi)細胞中(zhong)(zhong)著絲粒介導的基因(yin)組(zu)(zu)穩定性(xing),以及干擾(rao)減數(shu)第(di)二次(ci)分裂過程中(zhong)(zhong)紡錘體和(he)成膜體的構象(xiang),從而(er)影(ying)響雄配子基因(yin)組(zu)(zu)的倍性(xing)。這些(xie)發(fa)現暗示紫外(wai)光可能(neng)通過影(ying)響減數(shu)分裂從而(er)在被子植(zhi)物基因(yin)組(zu)(zu)進化和(he)多倍化過程中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)揮一定作(zuo)用。

當前極端氣候(hou)頻發,對(dui)生態環境(jing)和(he)糧食安全造成(cheng)了(le)巨(ju)大(da)威(wei)脅。因此,了(le)解(jie)植物(wu)減數分裂響應和(he)適應環境(jing)脅迫的分子遺傳機理(li)對(dui)于深入(ru)揭示(shi)環境(jing)因素在植物(wu)配子形成(cheng)和(he)基因組進化(hua)過程(cheng)中的作(zuo)用及其(qi)機制具有(you)重要意(yi)義;同時,對(dui)于抗逆作(zuo)物(wu)種(zhong)質(zhi)創新(xin)具有(you)重要的理(li)論參考意(yi)義。

近(jin)年來(lai),劉(liu)冰課題組(zu)( )聚焦植物(wu)減數分裂(lie)(lie)如何(he)響應和適(shi)應環境脅迫(主(zhu)要(yao)為高溫脅迫)這一科學問題,開(kai)展了一系列(lie)研究(jiu)(Lei et al., 2020; Ning et al., 2021; Fu et al., 2022; Zhao et al., 2023)。目前,該(gai)課題組(zu)正在進一步(bu)深入研究(jiu)植物(wu)減數分裂(lie)(lie)適(shi)應高溫脅迫的分子(zi)遺傳機制,以及紫外(wai)光影響植物(wu)減數分裂(lie)(lie)同源重(zhong)組(zu)和cohesion穩定性的機制。

中南民(min)族大學生科院2022級研究生符(fu)慧琪為該論文第一作者,劉冰為通訊作者。根特大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)Danny Geelen教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、復旦大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)朱炎(yan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)李靖教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、中南(nan)(nan)民族大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)余光輝(hui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、上海(hai)師范(fan)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)汪沖(chong)副(fu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)以(yi)及浙江理工大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)任(ren)梓銘副(fu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)等(deng)參(can)與了(le)該項研究(jiu)。Arp Schnittger教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、Elison B. Blancaflor教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、王應祥教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、嚴順平教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、劉宏濤(tao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、楊(yang)仲南(nan)(nan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、朱駿(jun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、樓(lou)悅教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)、Gregory Copenhaver教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)以(yi)及江華教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)(shou)為本(ben)研究(jiu)提供了(le)相關研究(jiu)材料。本(ben)研究(jiu)由國(guo)家自(zi)然(ran)科學(xue)基金(jin)、湖北省自(zi)然(ran)科學(xue)基金(jin)以(yi)及武漢市知識創新專(zhuan)項等(deng)項目資助。

參考文(wen)獻

1. Jiayi Zhao, Huiqi Fu, Zhengze Wang, Min Zhang, Yaoqiong Liang, Xueying Cui, Wenjing Pan, Ziming Ren, Zhihua Wu, Yujie Zhang, Xin Gui, Li Huo, Xiaoning Lei, Chong Wang, Arp Schnittger, Wojciech P. Pawlowski, Bing Liu* (2024). Genetic variation in the species Arabidopsis thaliana reveals the existence of natural heat resilience factors for meiosis. (Preprint: //biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.16.603532v1 );

2. Huiqi Fu, Jiaqi Zhong, Jiayi Zhao, Li Huo, Chong Wang, Dexuan Ma, Wenjing Pan, Limin Sun, Ziming Ren, Tianyi Fan, Ze Wang, Wenyi Wang, Xiaoning Lei, Guanghui Yu, Jing Li, Yan Zhu, Danny Geelen, Bing Liu* (2024). Ultraviolet attenuates centromere-mediated meiotic genome stability and alters gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants. New Phytologist 10.1111/nph.19978

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